张昕

张昕于1988年至1991年在北京大学获得物理学专业学士学位。1992年至1998年，她在美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学攻读生物学专业博士学位。1999年至2003年，她在哈佛大学医学院从事博士后研究工作。

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2003年至2009年，张昕任印第安纳大学医学院医学和分子遗传学系助理教授。2009年至今，她担任印第安纳大学医学院医学和分子遗传学系副教授。2011年至今，她担任PLoS ONE杂志的编委。 ADSFAEQWER353423413434

张昕教授主要致力于研究眼睛发育过程中的细胞信号传导机制。她利用遗传学方法剖析了某些信号转导通路，这些通路不仅在胚胎发育中必不可少，也对先天性综合症和癌症生物学有重要作用。该研究的长期目标是结合小鼠遗传学与生物化学方法，确定细胞内信号转导在眼睛发育和动态平衡中如何接收及传达信息。具体来说，她研究硫酸乙酰肝素的修饰如何调控配体在细胞外基质的扩散和稳定性，以及受体和配体在细胞表面的相互作用，并划定导致下游通路的信号级联反应。在视觉研究中，生长因子如成纤维细胞生长因子已被证实能促进视网膜神经元的存活，有潜力成为视网膜损伤的治疗剂。她希望细胞间信号的研究成果最终能进入临床应用，以保护人类的视力。

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• Zhang X, Friedman A, Purcell P, Heaney S, Maas RL. 2002. Meis homeoproteins directly regulate Pax6 during vertebrate lens morphogenesis. Genes & Development 16(16):2097-2107. (cover art)
• Pan Y, Woodbury A, Esko JD, Grobe K, Zhang X. 2006. Heparan sulfate biosynthetic gene Ndst1 is required for FGF signaling in early lens development. Development 133:4933-4944. (PMID: 17107998)
• Pan Y, Carbe C, Powers A, Zhang EE, Esko JD, Grobe K, Feng GS, Zhang X. 2008. Bud specific N-sulfation of heparan sulfate regulates Shp2 dependent FGF signaling during lacrimal gland induction. Development 135:301-310. (PMID: 18077586)
• Cai Z, Feng GS, Zhang X. 2010. Temporal requirement of the protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 in establishing the neuronal fate in early retinal development. Journal of Neuroscience 30(11):4110–4119. (PMID: 20237281)
• Pan Y, Carbe C, Powers A, Feng GS, Zhang X. 2010. Sprouty2 modulated Kras signaling rescues Shp2 deficiency during lens and lacrimal gland development. Development 137:1085-1093. (PMID: 20215346)
• Carbe C and Zhang X. 2011. Lens induction requires attenuation of ERK signaling by Nf1. Human Molecular Genetics 20(7):1315–1323. (PMID: 21233129)
• Qu X, Carbe C, Tao C, Powers A, Lawrence R, van Kuppevelt TH, Cardoso WV, Grobe K, Esko JD, Zhang X. 2011. Lacrimal gland development and Fgf10-Fgfr2b signaling is controlled by 2-O and 6-O sulfated heparan sulfate. Journal of Biological Chemistry 286(16):14435-14444. (PMID: 21357686)
• Rated at the top 2% of published articles in biology and medicine by the Faculty of 1000 (F1000).
• Qu X, Hertzler K, Pan Y, Grobe K, Robinson ML, Zhang X. 2011. Genetic epistasis between heparan sulfate and FGF-Ras signaling controls lens development. Developmental Biology 355:12–20. (PMID: 21536023)
• Cai Z, Simons DL, Fu XY, Feng GS, Wu SM, Zhang X. 2011. Loss of Shp2-mediated MAPK signaling in Müller glial cells results in retinal degeneration. Molecular and Cellular Biology 31:2973-2983. (PMID: 21576358)
• Carbe C, Hertzler-Schaefer K, Zhang X. 2012. The functional role of the Meis/Prep-binding elements in Pax6 locus during pancreas and eye development. Developmental Biology 363(1):320-9. (PMID: 22240097)
• Qu X, Pan Y, Carbe C, Powers A, Grobe K, Zhang X. 2012. Glycosaminoglycan-dependent restriction of FGF diffusion is necessary for lacrimal gland development. Development 139:2730-2739. (PMID: 22745308)

张昕教授的研究系统揭示了硫酸乙酰肝素修饰、FGF信号通路及相关分子（如Shp2、Sprouty2、Nf1）在眼睛发育中的关键调控作用，为先天性眼病和视网膜损伤的治疗提供了潜在的分子靶点。她的工作有望推动细胞间信号研究成果进入临床应用，从而保护人类视力。

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• Zhang X, Friedman A, Purcell P, et al. Meis homeoproteins directly regulate Pax6 during vertebrate lens morphogenesis. Genes & Development, 2002, 16(16): 2097-2107.
• Pan Y, Woodbury A, Esko JD, et al. Heparan sulfate biosynthetic gene Ndst1 is required for FGF signaling in early lens development. Development, 2006, 133: 4933-4944.
• Pan Y, Carbe C, Powers A, et al. Bud specific N-sulfation of heparan sulfate regulates Shp2 dependent FGF signaling during lacrimal gland induction. Development, 2008, 135: 301-310.
• Cai Z, Feng GS, Zhang X. Temporal requirement of the protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 in establishing the neuronal fate in early retinal development. Journal of Neuroscience, 2010, 30(11): 4110-4119.
• Pan Y, Carbe C, Powers A, et al. Sprouty2 modulated Kras signaling rescues Shp2 deficiency during lens and lacrimal gland development. Development, 2010, 137: 1085-1093.
• Carbe C, Zhang X. Lens induction requires attenuation of ERK signaling by Nf1. Human Molecular Genetics, 2011, 20(7): 1315-1323.
• Qu X, Carbe C, Tao C, et al. Lacrimal gland development and Fgf10-Fgfr2b signaling is controlled by 2-O and 6-O sulfated heparan sulfate. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2011, 286(16): 14435-14444.
• Qu X, Hertzler K, Pan Y, et al. Genetic epistasis between heparan sulfate and FGF-Ras signaling controls lens development. Developmental Biology, 2011, 355: 12-20.
• Cai Z, Simons DL, Fu XY, et al. Loss of Shp2-mediated MAPK signaling in Müller glial cells results in retinal degeneration. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 2011, 31: 2973-2983.
• Carbe C, Hertzler-Schaefer K, Zhang X. The functional role of the Meis/Prep-binding elements in Pax6 locus during pancreas and eye development. Developmental Biology, 2012, 363(1): 320-329.
• Qu X, Pan Y, Carbe C, et al. Glycosaminoglycan-dependent restriction of FGF diffusion is necessary for lacrimal gland development. Development, 2012, 139: 2730-2739.
• Wang Y, Zhang X. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans in eye development. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019, 20(20): 5112.
• Li J, Zhang X. FGF signaling in eye development and disease. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 2020, 76: 100825.
• 陈晓, 张昕. 硫酸乙酰肝素在眼发育中的功能研究进展. 中华眼科杂志, 2021, 57(3): 227-233.