爪蟾卵母细胞是从非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)卵巢中获得的处于减数分裂前期 I 的初级卵母细胞。作为一种独特的实验系统,它在现代分子生物学、细胞生物学、神经生物学和毒理学研究中扮演着不可或缺的角色。其巨大的体积和丰富的母源成分使其成为显微注射、异源蛋白表达以及细胞周期研究的理想模型。2012年,约翰·戈登爵士因利用爪蟾卵母细胞完成核移植实验,证明细胞核可被重编程而荣获诺贝尔奖,进一步奠定了这一模型在科学史上的地位。
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