World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. 6th ed. Geneva: WHO Press; 2021.
Nieschlag E, Behre HM, Nieschlag S. Andrology: Male Reproductive Health and Dysfunction. 4th ed. Springer; 2019.
Schlegel PN, Sigman M, Collura B, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA/ASRM guideline. J Urol. 2021;206(5):1087-1097.
O'Donnell L, Stanton P, de Kretser DM. Endocrinology of the male reproductive system. In: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, eds. Endocrinology. 8th ed. Elsevier; 2022.