闭塞性外周动脉病
概述编辑本段
闭塞性外周动脉病(Occlusive Peripheral Arterial Disease,PAD)是一种由于外周动脉狭窄或阻塞导致的血液循环障碍。主要影响下肢,但也可能涉及上肢。常见症状包括间歇性跛行,即行走时出现腿部疼痛或不适,休息后症状缓解。严重时可能出现静息痛、溃疡和组织坏死。 ADSFAEQWER353423413434
发病机制编辑本段
PAD主要由于动脉粥样硬化(Atherosclerosis)引起。动脉粥样硬化是指动脉内壁形成脂质斑块,导致血管狭窄和血流受阻。其他可能的原因包括血栓形成、动脉炎和外伤。
ADFASDFAF23RQ23R
风险因素编辑本段
主要的风险因素包括吸烟、高血压(Hypertension,HTN)、糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus,DM)、高胆固醇(Hypercholesterolemia)以及年龄增长。此外,家族史、肥胖和缺乏运动也是重要的风险因素。 ADFASDFAF23RQ23R
诊断编辑本段
PAD的诊断通常通过病史和体检,并辅以影像学检查和血管功能测试。常用的影像学检查包括多普勒超声(Doppler Ultrasound)、计算机断层血管成像(Computed Tomographic Angiography,CTA)和磁共振血管成像(Magnetic Resonance Angiography,MRA)。踝肱指数(Ankle-Brachial Index,ABI)测试是常用的血管功能测试方法,通过比较踝部和肱部的血压来评估动脉狭窄程度。 ADSFAEQWER353423413434
治疗编辑本段
参考资料编辑本段
- Norgren, L., Hiatt, W. R., Dormandy, J. A., Nehler, M. R., Harris, K. A., & Fowkes, F. G. (2007). Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II). Journal of Vascular Surgery, 45(1), S5-S67.
- Selvin, E., & Erlinger, T. P. (2004). Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Peripheral Arterial Disease in the United States: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2000. Circulation, 110(6), 738-743.
- Criqui, M. H., & Aboyans, V. (2015). Epidemiology of Peripheral Artery Disease. Circulation Research, 116(9), 1509-1526.
- Fowkes, F. G., Housley, E., Cawood, E. H., Macintyre, C. C., Ruckley, C. V., & Prescott, R. J. (1991). Edinburgh Artery Study: Prevalence of Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease in the General Population. International Journal of Epidemiology, 20(2), 384-392.
- Hirsch, A. T., Haskal, Z. J., Hertzer, N. R., Bakal, C. W., Creager, M. A., Halperin, J. L., & White, C. J. (2006). ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease (Lower Extremity, Renal, Mesenteric, and Abdominal Aortic): A Collaborative Report. Circulation, 113(11), e463-e654.
- 中华医学会外科学分会血管外科学组. (2019). 下肢动脉硬化闭塞症诊治指南. 中华外科杂志, 57(10), 721-733.
- Aboyans, V., Ricco, J. B., Bartelink, M. E. L., Björck, M., Brodmann, M., Cohnert, T., ... & Debus, E. S. (2018). Editor's Choice–2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in Collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 55(3), 305-368.
- 周兴立, 陈忠. (2016). 外周动脉疾病诊断与治疗的现代观点. 中国实用外科杂志, 36(12), 1248-1252.
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